Russia was bound to go through revolutionary turmoil, for it was a feudal country in the mid-twentieth century. It had no constitution, the people had no guarantees or civil rights and everything belonged to the Czar. He and his family were the ones who determined the fate of the people. Even a request for a name change had to be made to the Czar and granted by him, if that were the case. The noble class came just below the imperial family and the clergy, the bourgeoisie that emerged was practically excluded from politics, and the vast majority, the mob, were composed of workers, small officials and merchants, and in the countryside by peasants. The landlord, usually a nobleman, owned everything and the peasant worked, but he wasn't the owner of the land and had to account for the owner. Only a few, in distant regions, possessed a small portion of land and some animals. The rest was very poor.

* 1 ("Civilization turned the peasant into a donkey.")

  The city workers (proletariat) had no working rules, such as hours and security, holidays or other benefits. They worked in terrible conditions, without school, hospitals or any kind of assistance for themselves or their families. Few were the literate. They said that the Russian Revolution was a city revolution. The workers worked closely with one another and communicated with those of other factories, and so on. Their physical proximity also brought them together politically, as they could exchange ideas, discuss their lives and their longings for the future. The field only entered the Revolution by table, so to speak, and also by promises of agrarian reform, that would divide the land between them.
*2 ("... the proletariat in power will emerge from the peasantry as an emancipatory class." / "... power will come into the hands of that class that played the leading role in the struggle - in other words: into the hands of the proletariat . ")

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    The Revolution, in fact, was composed of two revolutions. The first, the one of February, put Alexandre Kerensky in the government. Kerensky was a socialist lawyer who exercised his profession defending the interests of political prisoners and workers, but when he came to power he did not have the strength to carry out the reforms that the situation demanded. It made agreements with the parties of the possessing classes and committed its greater political error: continued in World War I. Now the people wanted peace and bread, and war could bring none of them.
* 3 ("Power fell into the hands of the petty-bourgeois bourgeoisie, masquerading as the colors of socialism.")

   The February Revolution was a movement that captivated the entire population of cities, especially St. Petersburg and Moscow, involving countless parties and spreading throughout the country. However, as the Kerensky government did not meet the expectations of the population, it turned to those who promised it what it dreamed or what seemed to it best.
* 4 ( "The February Revolution proved incapable of solving both the agrarian problem and the national one.")

    Both the Bolshevik Party of Lenin, in a matter of a few months has grown enormously by getting the support of many and even other parties, such as the Left Social Revolutionaries.
In October, while the Mensheviks believed in the possible changes necessary in the country without abrupt political transformation, the Bolsheviks, on the other hand, enticed that the necessary changes would only come about when the popular took the lead in power. And so it was, the Bolsheviks seized power and the civil war began.
In 1918, Russia was seized by the civil war led by the Bolsheviks directly against the monarchist troops. The Romanov family came to be seen as a traitor and in that same year, the advance of the Red Army was marked by the execution of the royal family.

 

   The Romanovs were taken to Tobolsk at the beginning, which is in Siberia. Ekaterinburg lies in the eastern part of the Ural Mountains, a mountain range at the gates of Siberia. In Tobolsk, they were imprisoned in the governor's house. Then the tsar was allegedly taken to stand trial in Moscow. The Tsarina decided to go with him and took the Grand Duchess Maria with her, leaving the other children behind because Alexei was sick. Olga, Tatiana and Anastasia stayed with him. When Tsar, Tsarina and Maria went to Moscow with Commissar Yakolev, specially designated by the Moscow Soviet for this, they were stopped by the Soviet of the Urals who demanded that Yakolev give them the Tsar and his family. Yakolev had few people with him and had no alternative but to give in. Then they were taken to Ekaterinburg, their final destination.
After a few weeks, Anastasia, Alexei, Tatiana and Olga joined them in the house Ipatiev, in Ekaterinburg, where they lost wealth and even dignity; Dignity, for example, had to do "everything" with guards guarding and the Duchess were humiliated by these by the corners of the house, already the riches like jewels, diamonds were sewn by the Czarina in their corpets and their daughters.
After several isolated months at dawn, Czar Nicholas and his family were awakened by the guards with the excuse that the White Army was nearby, and so they were taken to the basement, from which they never left again.

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   The explanation given to the extermination and incrimination of the tsar's family began to weaken at a time when the Russian socialist regime was in crisis in the late twentieth century. The image on the Romanov established a great controversy among the Russians. Orthodox Christians regarded them as holy through the terrible persecutions they suffered. Not by chance, the Church itself decided to promote the process of canonization of the Romoanov family. 

Read more about Canonization.

The Revolution came out victorious after the Red Army, organized by Leon Trotsky, beat the White Army.
"White" meant not only the monarchists, but also those who, being Republicans, did not want the Bolsheviks in power. In any case, the whites were defeated and their commander, General Denikin, went into exile and died in 1947.

* All quotations are from Trotsky, Leon. "The History of the Russian Revolution" - vol.3 The Triumph of the Soviets.